Historical Story
Tales from old sources
The megalithic Giza complex with the three Great Pyramids, the Sphinx and the system of above-ground and underground temples and corridors have influenced Egyptian culture since at least since the fourth pharaohic dynasty (starting 2,500 BC).There are many indications, including a few existing ancient Egyptian documents, that hint that these monuments fascinated people even earlier than this. The Pharaoh Djoser launched a pyramid project back in the Third Kingdom in which whitewashed bricks were used for building materials instead of megaliths. There too are found extensive underground structures, such as the long tunnel leading from the southern entrance to a giant megalithic shaft, which is nearly twice as large as the Campbell shaft behind the Sphinx (which we, unfortunately, were unable to measure). And from the northern entrance one enters an underground labyrinth of corridors, which are encased in the beginning and then further on are roughly chiseled from stone. We managed to reach the 7th level, but could go no further safely without the proper equipment (see photographs on page 96). Was this another attempt to build a pyramid with bricks on top of an old structure from prehistoric times?
His descendents in the Fourth Kingdom used the Giza Plateau itself as a construction site. Pharaoh Cheops’ main interest was in the Great Pyramid, in proximity to which he had an Isis temple and a miniature pyramid built for his wife, as can be read on the memorial stele found there. His son Chephren left his own mark on the Middle Pyramid situated 300 meters / 984.3 feet further south, alongside which he built a small pyramid, most likely also for his wife. Chephren left the third pyramid to his son Mykerinos which made these impressive monuments in Giza a symbol of this ruling dynasty.
Djedefre, another of Cheops‘ sons, built his own pyramid several miles north of Giza, which was also encased in granite and limestone blocks. Cult and burial sites that were used as far back as the First Kingdom can also be found in the underground megalithic complexes located south of Giza (particularly in Saqqara and at the Osireion in Abydos). Some ancient megalithic structures were built over with clay and brick pyramids or integrated into the inner sanctum of temple complexes (such as at the Luxor Temple). In the Twelfth Kingdom, the pharaohs began to quarry these older structures for materials to use in their own construction projects in Giza. Stones were carted off from Cheops’ buildings and even the temple complex itself was not spared.
Because the tombs of Cheops, Chephren and Mykerinos were located in Giza, and these pharaohs also built in and around the site, over time people simply assumed that they were also the builders of the three Great Pyramids. Those who knew better, however, kept the prehistoric secrets, which were handed down through time in esoteric circles, the revelation of which was forbidden to the uninitiated. Nevertheless, occasionally bits of information came to light, such as when the Greek Solon (see page 162) visited the Temple of Sais 500 years before the birth of Christ, as did his compatriot, Herodotus,
The initiated revealed certain insights to them, although they must have known that these foreign guests would speak of them upon their return home. On the other hand, there remain reports from the Occident that indicate that the tales told by these adventurers were not widely believed. Mysteries, after all, are open secrets: Those not in the know cannot understand them. That is why it is said: “He who eyes to see, sees. He who has ears to ear, hears. He who has a heart, feels.“ Both Herodotus and the Greek historian Diodorus (see page 162) were able to view the megalithic metropolis on Lake Moeris, which they named Labrinthos. They noted that at least half the building structures were below the ground.
What is the significance of these underground megalithic structures? As mentioned earlier, Giza in ancient Egyptian was called “pr oser nb rstw“, or literally: “House of Osiris, Lord of the Underground Complexes“ (see page 183). When the old tales speak of Osiris descending into the underworld and then again ascending, this is not merely to be understood as death and resurrection. The initiated throughout the ages entered the underground complexes, descending into the realm of Osiris. The ancient Egyptian word, “rstw” is also a synonym for the mystical word, “rose dew,“ which appears in an inscription found on the wall of the tomb of the Pharaoh Sethos. Pharaoh Sethos I, who built the temple in Abydos directly next to the Osireion, certainly had a reason for taking the Amduat text with him to the grave. In the 5th paragraph, verse 63, is written: “The mysterious paths of rose dew, the covered streets of Imhet and the hidden gates to the land of Sokars which lies on its sands.“ This image is painted on the western side of the hidden room in the hidden Dat. He who knows this is entitled to walk the streets of Rose Dew and to see the image of Ihmet. “Although the terms “Rose Dew“, “Imhet“, “Sokar“ and “Dat“ seemed mysterious for the uninitiated, some insight can be found in the old name for Giza, “pr osr nb rstw.“ Whatever the initiated knew and saw, it remained clear to them that the mysteries of the past must be carefully kept secret and would only become known some time far into the future.
Tales from Greek sources
Solon (640 to 560 BC)
The Greek poet and statesman, Solon, was the first Westerner to travel to Egypt. His memories those travels are still known today. He visited the temple city, Sais, in the Nile Delta and upon his return, spoke of what he saw and heard there. The tales he told were written down around 200 years later by the famous philosopher, Plato (427 to 347 BC) in his book, “Timaios“. Among the things stated there is: “Then listen, Socrates, to a tale which, though strange, is certainly true, having been attested by Solon, who was the wisest of the seven sages.
He was a relative and a dear friend of my great-grandfather, Dropides. (…) To this city came Solon, who was received there with great honor. He asked the priests who were most skilful in such matters, about antiquity, and made the discovery that neither he nor any other Hellene knew anything worth mentioning about the times of old. On one occasion, wishing to draw them out to speak of antiquity, he began to tell about the most ancient things in our part of the world (Greece). Thereupon one of the priests, who was of a very great age, said: “O Solon, Solon, you Hellenes are nothing but children, and there is not an old man among you.“
Solon in return asked him what he meant. “I mean to say, the priest replied, that in mind you are all young; there is no old opinion handed down among you by ancient tradition, nor any science which is hoary with age. And I will tell you why. There have been, and will be again, many destructions of mankind arising out of many causes; the greatest have been brought about by the agencies of fire and water, and other lesser ones by innumerable other causes.“
The old priest described how global catastrophes have repeatedly occurred on Earth and stated that it is all “recorded in the temples from time unmemorable.“ Among the causes of the recurring destruction the priest mentioned was “a declination of the bodies moving in the heavens around the earth“. According to Solon, the Egyptians knew that the earth was not a disk nor was it the center of the Universe. Written Grecian history is very much lacking, claimed the Egyptian priest, because Greeks only remember that the Earth was covered by a great flood, although “but there were many previous ones“. He named the date when the Egyptian city was founded after the last great flood. “The number of years that have passed since the establishment of this city is written as eight thousand in our holy books.“
This statement recorded by Solon means that more than 6,000 years before Menes, who ruled as the first pharaoh in the First Kingdom around 3,000 BC, there had already been an advanced civilization in Egypt. The old priest, who also knew tales of the very early Greek history, also told of another great power of the day, which “disappeared in the depths of the sea“. This was the legendary island city of Atlantis. Plato wrote about this pre-deluge culture and the wars of the day in his next book, “Kritias“. Knowing full well that these prehistoric tales would seem unbelievable to the uninitiated, the Egyptian priest insisted that it was the truth told “in honor of the Goddess“ and was being offered for the benefit of humankind.
Herodotus (484 to 425 BC)
The Greek historian and ethnologist, Herodotus of Halikarnassos, wrote the oldest travel and exploration reports that remain in existence today. The patron of history, father of historical writing, a description given long after his death by the Roman politician and philosopher, Cicero, wrote his comprehensive, nine-book work, the “Histories Apodeixis“ (public historical presentation), usually simply referred to as the “Histories“ in the Ionian dialect. In the second volume, he reports about his trip to Egypt, which led him to the city of Thebes (chapters 141 to 143). The priests there showed him a room with 341 wooden statues: They represented the High Priest and his ancestors, a family tree that reached 11,340 years into the past:
“Back then, each High Priest erected a statue of himself during his lifetime. The priests showed me them all, one after another, to prove that each father was followed by the son. They proceeded from the statue of the most recently deceased, all down the line to the beginning. (…) They showed that those who were represented by the statues were people that were very different from the priests. Before these men, the Gods ruled in Egypt and lived among humans. (…) This knowledge from the Egyptians is certain, because they accurately calculate and record the years.“
In the second chapter, Herodotus stated that he wanted to keep certain things that he learned secret.
“In Memphis, the Priests of Hephaestus (the Greek name for Ptah) told me the story of creation. I learned still more in Memphis in deep conversation with the Priests of Hephaestus. For this reason, I also traveled to Thebes and Heliopolis, because I wanted to know if they agreed with the priests in Memphis. The priests of Heliopolis were considered to be the most knowledgeable in all Egypt. It is not my intention to repeat they told me concerning their religion, except the names of their deities, which I believe all men know equally. If I relate anything else concerning these matters, it will only be when compelled to do so in the course of my narrative.“
The priest thus revealed more to Herodotus than he allowed to flow into his report. One can find one titillating bit of information that he learned in Heliopolis in chapter 142: “In this time (the various pre-dynastic epochs), the sun rose four times from its usual place. Where it now sets, it has risen twice, and where it now rises, it has set twice.“*
As later confirmed by the historian Diodorus (see page 163), the priests were forbidden to speak of certain mysteries, such as the secrets of the “gods“ and the “tombs“, as well as the structures that led to the “underworld“. The primary mysteries were those surrounding the legendary deities, Osiris, Isis and Horus, and also the mysteries involving Giza. According to ancient Egyptian descriptions, Giza was the House of Osiris, the lord of the underground complex, while according to the Cheops stele, Isis was the Mistress of the Pyramids. The Sphinx was an object of myth and legend as well. In his book, “Naturalis Historia“ (volume 36, chapter XVII), Roman officer and historical writer, Pliny the Elder (Gaius Plinius Secundus, 23 to 79 AD) wrote: “Before them (the pyramids) stands the Sphinx, a deity of the local inhabitants, which deserves far greater honor, but which is treated with near silence by the Egyptians. They are of the opinion that a King Harmais is buried inside it“.
However, there is no King Harmais to be found in any list of Pharaohs. Pliny the Elder must have known this, since he studied the works of up to 400 Roman and Grecian scholars to research his 37 volume comprehensive natural encyclopedia and knew the writings of Herodotus, Manetho and Diodorus. Harmais may have been identical with the Greek god Hermes, who is equated with Thoth. According to legend, Thoth, one of the leading personalities of earliest epochs, who came with the “Gods“ from a foreign land, which is logically usually referred to as Ta-Neter, the Land of the Gods.
The Egyptian priest Manetho (see page 167) mentioned in his book, which was unfortunately lost early on, but which was quoted by the neoplatonic Lamblichos of Chalcis as stating that Thoth left behind many written tablets: “Distributed throughout the world, hidden for future generations; yet only those worthy shall find them for use in the best interest of humankind.“ (Hancock, “Fingerprints of the Gods“, page 429). Thoth chose the House of Osiris as the central location of his legacy, which will be largely walled off by the new Giza Wall (see page 214).
Diodorus (80 to 20 BC)
Diodorus Siculus was among the leading Hellenistic historians of his time. He was born in Agryrium, Sicily and spent many years in Egypt. Volumes 1 to 5 and 11 to 20 are all that remain today of his 40-volume “Bibliotheca historica,“ in which he described the prevailing histories of known cultures as well as current events. The first volume speaks of Egypt and states that the first cities in that country were founded by the “gods“ and that the secrets of civilization and writing were give to humankind by a “Hermes“.
“More than 10,000 years have passed from Osiris and Isis to the reign of Alexander, founder of the city that bears his name, others, however, count the years as no less than 23,000,“
Diodorus wrote of another source that told of a reign of “gods and heroes“ in Egypt:
“And for no less than 18,000 years. The last godly king was Horus, the Son of Isis.However, the reign of human kings was no less than 5,000 years from the time of Moeris to the 180th Olympiad, the year in which I came to Egypt.“
According to this reckoning, the first “human kings“ reigned 5,000 years before Christ or around 2,000 years before Menes, the first pharaoh of the First Dynasty. This also fits within the chronicle of Egyptian rulers found on the so-called Palermo Stone (see page 170). The ancient Egyptians insisted for thousands of years that their culture was founded by kings and teachers who differed from humans in many ways. These ancestors were called the “Neter“ by the Egyptians, a designation that is usually incorrectly translated as “gods“.
Yet, why is it that we know so little today about Egypt‘s archaic past? Didorus‘ “Bibliotheca historica“ may offer an explanation: “What is told of the burial (and about the history, origin, secrets, etc.) of these gods is generally contradictory, because the priest were forbidden to speak of these things they knew exactly, which is why the people were not told the truth, because it would be dangerous to spread the secrets of the gods among the masses“.
Tales from Arabian sources
Greek historians were not the only ones to tell the ancient tales in which the pyramids were built by a culture far older than the known dynasties of pharaohs.
Al-Makrizi
The historian, Muhammad Al-Makrizi (1364 to 1442 AD), who viewed and compiled many writings, most of which are no longer in existence today, wrote in his text, the “Hitat”.
“Some state that the pyramids are tombs; however, this is not the case. The builders actually built them because they foresaw that through the Great Flood everything would be destroyed on Earth that was not protected by such structures and they stored their treasures and possessions in them. Then the Great Flood came upon them and once it passed, the contents of the pyramids came down to Bisir, the son of Misrajims, the son of Ham who was the son of Noah. Several of the later kings stored grain in them. And only God knows! (…) The teacher Ibrahim Ben Wasif Sah Al-Katib wrote in his “News from Egypt and its wonders”, in which he told of Saurid (…). The reason for the building of the pyramids was that three hundred years before the Great Flood, Saurid had the following dream: The Earth turned upside down with all its people, the people fled in a blind rush, and the stars fell down. (…) Abu Zaid Al-Balhi stated: An inscription was found on the pyramids written in their language. They understood it and it read: “Both these pyramids were built as the descending vulture was in the sign of the crab.” This calculates from the current date to Higra the Prophet and results in twice over 36,000 solar years. (…) There are those who say that Saurid was Hermes, whom the Arabs call Idris (…). There are those who say: The first Hermes, who was named the “threefold” in his aspects as prophet, king and holder of wisdom (it is he whom the Hebrews name Henoch (…) and that is Idris, who read in the stars that the Great Flood would come. He had the pyramids built and stored within them treasures, written teachings and everything that he feared could be lost, to protect these things and keep them from harm.”
Al-Masudi
The Arabian philosopher, geographer and historian Masudi (10th century AD) stated in a manuscript that is kept in the Bodleian Library at Oxford University, that a King Surid, who ruled in Egypt before the Great Flood, and who was instructed by the Gods to gather the wise men and priests and to order them to preserve all knowledge in a structure for all eternity. What is true in the pyramid stories and what is the proverbial fantasy of the Oriental storytellers can only be guessed at.
Al-Mamun
After Sultan Al-Mamun (see page 33) and his men broke into the Great Pyramid in 825 AD, many rumors spread about what they found inside. While Al-Makrizi insisted that the Turks found nothing more than a few bones “in a marble basin” in the King‘s Chamber, which would match what was found by Vyse in the Mykerinos Pyramid (see page 16), other sources speak of astonishing findings.
Al-Kaisi
The Arab scholar, Al Rahim al-Kaisi (12th century AD), who explored the Great Pyramid himself, wrote in his book, Tufat el-alab:
“Within the domed chamber found inside the pyramid, opens a corridor that leads to the pyramid‘s highest point, yet there are no stairs within it. It is 5 spans in width (approximately 1 meter / 3.9 feet). This means that in the day of al-Mamuns, they ascended until they reached a smaller-sized domed chamber in which a container shaped like a person stood, which was made of a green stone, a type of malachite. This was brought to al-Mamun who found that it was sealed with a cover. When it was opened, inside was found the corpse of a man who wore golden armor covered with all sorts of gemstones. A sword blade without a handle lay upon his breast and next to his head there was a red ruby about the size of a chicken egg, shining like a flame of light. al-Mamum kept this gem for himself. I saw the graven image from which they removed the corpse lying next to the portals of the royal palace of Misr in the year 511 (according to Hidschra calendar = 1,113 AD).”
Other historians also mention the green graven image coffin. According to the descriptions of several other “eyewitness” it was displayed “until the year 611” (1,233 AD) at the entrance to the royal palace in Cairo. But where did this green column coffin come from and where is it today? There is no certain knowledge about what al-Mamun and his team discovered when they broke into in the upper section of the Great Pyramid. The versions of the tale that have been handed down vary.
Al-Nadim
The Arabian scholar, En-Nadim (10th century AD) wrote:
“In the middle of the platform (of the chamber at the peak of the pyramid) there is a delicate, curved structure, in the middle of which is something like a sarcophagus. Crowning this are two stone blocks that are perfect in terms of cleanliness and beauty and color. On each of these stands a stone statue, one of which represents a man, the other a woman. The two stand eye to eye opposing each other, the man holds an inscribed tablet in his hand, the woman holds a mirror and a tool made of gold, which resembles a chisel. There is a stone vessel between the two blocks which was sealed with a golden cover. When this cover was removed, they discovered a type of odorless, dried out tar and a golden casket, upon the opening of which was found fresh blood, but which when it met the air ran out, as blood tends to do, and dried up. Upon the coffin was a stone cover, which when removed revealed a reposing man lying on his back. He was perfectly preserved and dried out, his body parts were clearly recognizable and his hair could still be seen. A woman lay by his side with the same appearance.”
Tales from Egyptian sources
Because the prehistory of Egypt was known only to initiated priests who were not permitted to speak of it, the widely varying tales of the times before the official histories begin are difficult to interpret. The experiences of ancient travelers and the tales they were told in Egypt depended upon those with whom they spoke. Only privileged priests knew the secret pre-history that was carefully handed down from generation to generation in the schools of mystery. The most informative tales we have come down to us from the Greek travelers Solon (see page 163) and Herodotus (see page 164). Also informative are the writings of the Egyptian historian, Manetho, who lived in the 3rd century BC, along with a few documents to have survived from the pharaohic period, particularly the so-called Palermo Stone and the Turin Papyrus. Interestingly, none of these sources back up modern Egyptology‘s theories about early history.
Manetho (347-2,285 BC)
When Alexander the Great arrived with his troops from Macedonia in Egypt in the year 332 BC, he was greeted as a liberator. He founded a capital city upon the Mediterranean and named it Alexandria after himself. Upon his death in 323 BC, his enormous empire, which stretched from Greece to the Indus River, was divided into various territories in which satraps ruled. The satrap of Egypt was Alexander‘s commander, historian and half-brother, Ptolemy.
Because a number of his successors bore the same name, the Greek era of rule in Egypt from 304 to 30 BC is referred to the Ptolemaic dynasty.
Manetho was a high priest during the reigns of Ptolemy I and Ptolemy II in the city of Sebennytus, which granted him privileged access to the secret archives. He could read hieroglyphic writing and also spoke Greek. Ptolemy II instructed Manetho to compile Egyptian history in writing. Lamentably, the original of the three-volume “Aegyptiaca” no longer exists, but sections of it are compiled in writings by other historians, such as Josephus Flavius (1st century AD), Sextus Julius Africanus (3rd century AD) and Bishop Eusebius (4th century AD).
It was Manetho who first divided and organized the pharaohic succession into thirty dynasties. Even if modern research has made minor adjustments here and there, his list largely remains valid today. Because Manetho wrote “Aegyptiaca” in Greek, he also adapted the names of the pharaohs. This is where the names commonly used today originated, such as Cheops for Khufu, Chephren for Chef-re and Mykerinos for Menkaur-re. Manetho succeeded in compiling a quite precise and comprehensive chronology of 2,500 years of pharaohic succession, a feat for which he is still considered a reliable researcher. However, what he tells of the pre-dynastic period has been written off as nonsense by Egyptologists with the reasoning that he was unable to differentiate between the truth and mythical fantasy.
Manetho wrote that before the pharaohic dynasties in Egypt there were three major royal epochs: First, one of half-gods, called the God-Kings, followed by the reign of the Horus kings and then that of the Sons of the Gods – all this before the pharaohic period began with the rule of King Menes. While the various sources that quote Manetho provide different dates, they all indicate that the pre-dynastic epochs each lasted over 10,000 years. Bishop Eusbius (275-339 AD) commented that Manetho was referring to a lunar year and thereupon calculated that the 30,000 year pre-history corresponded to 2,206 solar years. But even then the dawning of the Egyptian pharaohic culture must have occurred much earlier, around 5,550 BC. It must be also be mentioned that Manetho used the same Greek word for year to count the length of the reigns of the pharaohs to succeed Menes as he used to measure the pre-dynastic epochs.
It is regrettable that we only know bits and pieces of the writings of Manetho. However, the writings of later non-Egyptian historians clearly show that they took the information Manetho compiled very seriously and did not consider it to be mere heathen fantasy – which would have been quite conceivable, since Josephus Flavius, Julius Sextus Africanus and Bishop Eusebius were all shaped and molded by the Old Testament and Christian perspectives.
The “Turin” Papyrus
Bernadino Drovetti, Napoleon‘s proconsul in Egypt in the 19th century, found a papyrus from the 19th Dynasty (around 1,400 BC) which confirmed that there were three different reigns before the Pharaoh Menes, each lasting thousands of years. The script, which was purchased by a museum in Turin after its discovery, disintegrated into tiny pieces during transport to Italy. The incomplete restoration of the manuscript indicates that the royal epoch preceding the first pharaohic dynasty lasted 13,420 years, which would roughly match the information passed down by Manetho. The preceding reign of the Horus kings is also mentioned on the Turin Papyrus, although the length of their rule, listed there as 23,300 years, differs greatly from Manetho. Most information about the oldest epoch, before the time of the Horus kings, is largely lost, though the names of the God kings are recognizable: Ptah, Ra, Su, Seb, Osiris, Set, Horus, Thoth, Ma and yet another Horus.
Just why the dates and times differ remains unclear. Nevertheless, the Turin Papyrus clearly shows that the Egyptians in the time of the pharaohic dynasty and even later were solidly convinced that their cultural history began thousands of years before Menes. The entire 2,500 year pharaohic period is considered to be the forth Age of Kings.
The “Palermo” Stone
The oldest chronology of early Egyptian history covering the pre-dynastic period up through the 5th Dynasty was discovered on a royal annals stone. The largest piece of the fragmented diorite slab resides in the Palermo Museum, while two smaller pieces are displayed in Cairo and London. Carved into the stone tablet are modern-looking lists of the Egyptian rulers from the beginning of time to the Pharaoh Neferirka-Re (ca. 2,400 BC), who ruled around 500 years after Menes and 200 years after Cheops and most likely ordered the tablet‘s completion.
The annals stone documents that there were kings before the reign of Menes. The annals mention nineteen such kings, who ruled for a total of 2,100 years. The historian apparently had no difficulty believing in the existence of pre-dynastic rulers, each of whom ruled for an average of 110 years. Details about Menes and the pharaohs who succeeded him match those of modern Egyptology. The tablet history also contains major events, although its historians from the 5th Dynasty failed to make any mention of the alleged building of the pyramids in the preceding 4th Dynasty.
While all ancient Egyptian historical sources indicate pre-dynastic cultural eras, contemporary Egyptologists claim that this is impossible, because there are no tangible traces. However, this simply is not true. The disputed pre-historic cultures have left traces throughout the world, ranging from their unmarked megalithic structures made of perfectly cut “super-human” heavy stone slabs, such as used in the Great Pyramids of Giza and the many other structures found both above and below ground throughout Egypt. It is difficult to place the building of these structures within the pharaohic era, while such construction could well be attributed to the mythical archaic cultures that are mentioned in ancient tales from Egypt.
The view of Egyptologists
According to Egyptologists, the Egyptian high culture began with the Archaic Period, which later was divided into the First and Second pharaohic Dynasties by the historians. The key event was the union of Upper and Lower Egypt around 3,000 BC by Pharaoh Menes, who is also called Min, and who is probably also identical with the royal names Hor Aha or Horus Aha. Egyptologists believe that before this time only simple nomads and a village-based culture existed in the Nile Valley.
Menes founded the first imperial culture, Memphis (which means white wall), around 30 kilometers / 18.6 miles southeast of the present location of the capital Cairo. Five hundred years later, in the Fourth Dynasty, according to the official view, the Egyptians were advanced enough to create the astounding structures found in Egypt. The Great Pyramids of Giza were supposedly built back then by three successive pharaohs: Cheops, Chephren and Mykerinos, within a period of 100 years. This, however, has never been confirmed by any ancient Egyptian historical sources. These sources indicate that the first pharaohic dynasty, which today is considered the origin of the Egyptian civilization, was actually a late phase of a history that extends back many thousands of years into the distant past.
While contemporary Egyptology does accept the listing of “historical” pharaohs taken from these old sources, any reference to the “pre-historic” eras in Egypt are relegated to the realm of fantasy. In view of the numerous arguments that the monuments in Giza simply could not have been built in three generations with copper tools, rope, counterweights and similar methods, it must be asked what exactly does speak in favor of the three pharaohs as builders of the three great pyramids? Particularly since neither Cheops, Chephren nor Mykerinos ever made any such claim.
Are there proofs that the Pharaohs built the three Giza Pyramids?
Nevertheless, all text books and encyclopedias state as a fact that the great Giza pyramids were built by Cheops, Chephren and Mykerinos. These facts are presented as if they have been proven without a doubt. However, the justification of such claims by Egyptologists are not at all watertight (see page 173). Lay academics from other fields, experts and students are often astonished when they learn just how weak the alleged proof for the claims are. They are actually based less on scientific findings and more on a preconceived worldview. Anyone who does not limit him/herself to such a one-sided perspective soon recognizes other possible interpretations that far better match the existing facts.
Around five thousand years have passed since the time of the Pharaoh Menes, founder of the ancient Kingdom of Egypt. According to modern historic interpretations, before this time, the world consisted of nothing but stone and bronze age village societies, some of which, however, had already managed to build considerable structures, such as Jericho (in present-day Israel) and Catal Hüyük (in present-day Turkey), where fortress settlements have been found dating back to 7,000 BC. Civilizations that subsequently bloomed, such as Sumeria, Egypt, Greece, Germania, India, China, Mexico, Peru, etc.) seem to have arisen from nothing, according to contemporary historians. In India, for example, the complete Veda transcripts had already written at the dawn of known history, while on the high plateau of Peru/Boliva, near Lake Titicaca, the mysterious megalithic cities of Puma Punku and Tiahuanaco arose while Egypt already stood in the shadow of the gigantic pyramids in Giza. An awareness of the secrets surrounding the pyramids remained in Egypt. Other cultures also retained their mythical traditions although their original meanings were increasingly forgotten as the eons passed. The Egyptian schools of mystery, in which the secret knowledge was passed down from generation to generation, were ultimately torn apart into a wide variety of interest groups through the years. Some circles of power attempted to misuse the secret knowledge to pursue their own intentions.
Among the most influential of these interest groups in Europe have been the Egyptian-Essene, the pre-Christian, Hebrew Kabalistic, Sufi-Islamic, Templar, Freemason, Alchemistic, Rosicrucian and mystical-esoteric movements. Although they all differ and to some degree contradict themselves, they all agree on one point: that the origin of humanity and ancient history are mythical and cannot entirely explained by the theory of evolution. And all refer back, either directly or indirectly, to Egypt, where the legacies of prehistoric cultures have remained (which is not to say that Egypt is the only place where such legacies are to be found), and which will be revealed to the benefit of all humanity at the appropriate time.
This is an excerpt from the book GIZA LEGACY.
